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ve.bus:manual_parallel_and_three_phase_systems [2019-02-09 03:09] – external edit 127.0.0.1ve.bus:manual_parallel_and_three_phase_systems [2020-05-15 12:43] – [Theory and background information] guy_stewart
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 ====== Parallel and three phase VE.Bus systems ====== ====== Parallel and three phase VE.Bus systems ======
  
-This manual explains the details of designing, installing and configuring three-phase and parallel systems. It applies to components that use VE.Bus, for example Multiplus, Quattro and some larger Phoenix inverters. +This manual explains the details of designing, installing and configuring three-phase and parallel systems. It applies to components that use VE.Bus, for example MultiPlus, Quattro and some larger Phoenix inverters. 
  
 **IMPORTANT:** **IMPORTANT:**
  
-  * Always update all units to the latest 400 firmware version([[updating_firmware:updating_ve.bus_products|firmware update instructions]]).+  * Always update all units to the latest 400 firmware version ([[updating_firmware:updating_ve.bus_products|firmware update instructions]]).
   * Note that some parts of the description below apply only to 4xx firmwares.   * Note that some parts of the description below apply only to 4xx firmwares.
   * All units in one system must be the same type and firmware version, this includes same size, system voltage, and feature set. The type is indicated by the first four digits of the firmware version number. For details, see the "VE.Bus Firmware Numbering System" section in the [[https://www.victronenergy.nl/upload/documents/manual-VE.Bus-firmware-versions-explained-EN.pdf|VE.Bus Firmware versions explained document]].    * All units in one system must be the same type and firmware version, this includes same size, system voltage, and feature set. The type is indicated by the first four digits of the firmware version number. For details, see the "VE.Bus Firmware Numbering System" section in the [[https://www.victronenergy.nl/upload/documents/manual-VE.Bus-firmware-versions-explained-EN.pdf|VE.Bus Firmware versions explained document]]. 
   * Specify with your [[https://www.victronenergy.com/where-to-buy|Victron distributor]] that you will be connecting units in parallel or multi-phase and identical units must be supplied.    * Specify with your [[https://www.victronenergy.com/where-to-buy|Victron distributor]] that you will be connecting units in parallel or multi-phase and identical units must be supplied. 
 +
 ===== Warning ===== ===== Warning =====
  
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 This should be considered essential before attempting design or installation.   This should be considered essential before attempting design or installation.  
  
-First get experience with smaller systems. Start with single phase single unit, so that you are already familiar with the necessary equipment and software required.+First get experience with smaller systems. If you are new to Victron, please start with simpler designs, so that you become familiar with the necessary training, equipment and software required.
  
 It is also recommended to hire an installer that has experience with these more complex Victron systems, for both the design and the commissioning. It is also recommended to hire an installer that has experience with these more complex Victron systems, for both the design and the commissioning.
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 ===== DC and AC wiring ===== ===== DC and AC wiring =====
-Both the DC and AC wiring needs to be symmetrical per phase: use the same length, type and cross-section to every unit in the phase. To make this easy, use a bus-bar or power-post before and after the inverter/chargers. 
  
 The VE.Bus cluster maintains a single 'global' status for SoC, DC voltage, and DC current. Every DC connection (on every Multi/Quattro and on every battery) has to be connected together to a single DC bus. Do //not// build systems with separated batteries on multiple (separated) DC bus structures connected to subsets of the Multi/Quattro units in the cluster. This will //not// work.  The VE.Bus cluster maintains a single 'global' status for SoC, DC voltage, and DC current. Every DC connection (on every Multi/Quattro and on every battery) has to be connected together to a single DC bus. Do //not// build systems with separated batteries on multiple (separated) DC bus structures connected to subsets of the Multi/Quattro units in the cluster. This will //not// work. 
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 Also beware of sizing the battery cable and jumpers between cells/batteries. Also beware of sizing the battery cable and jumpers between cells/batteries.
  
-For units in parallel: use one AC fuse for all units on that phase. Both on the input, and on the outputMultiple fuses which are mechanically connected together is ok: that is also one fuse.+For units in parallel: Both the DC and AC wiring needs to be symmetrical per phase: use the same lengthtype and cross-section to every unit in the phaseTo make this easy, use a bus-bar or power-post before and after the inverter/chargers. Also, apply the same torque on all connections.
  
-For DCone fuse per phase is best. If a big single fuse is not available, use one fuse per unit. Same type of fuse due to same resistance.+With regards to AC fusingeach unit needs to be fused individuallyMake sure to use the same type of fuse on each unit due to same resistance. Consider using mechanically connected fuses.
  
-Beware of phase rotation between the inverter and AC in. When wired in the wrong rotation, the system will not accept the mains input and only operates in inverter mode. In that case swap two phases to correct it.+With regards to DC fusing, each unit needs to be fused individually. Make sure to use the same type of fuse on each unit due to same resistance. 
 + 
 +For both AC and DC fusing and protection, consult the product manual for details and recommended ratings. 
 + 
 +Beware of phase rotation between the inverter and AC in. When wired in rotation that is different to the programming of the Multis, the system will not accept the mains input and only operates in inverter mode. [[https://www.victronenergy.com/live/ccgx:start#phase_rotation_warning|If a GX device is connected, it will signal a phase rotation alarm]]. In that case swap two phases to correct it, or re-program the units to match the wiring rotation
  
 Note: Do not over-dimension the AC cabling. Using extra thick cabling has negative side effects.\\ Note: Do not over-dimension the AC cabling. Using extra thick cabling has negative side effects.\\
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       * Using the same 2 units in parallel with bad AC cabling one might end up with a total resistance for Unit_A of 15Ω and a total resistance for Unit_B of 16Ω. This results in a much better current distribution (Unit_A will carry 1.066 times more current than Unit_A) even if the absolute difference in resistance is much bigger than in the previous example (1Ω vs 0.0001Ω).       * Using the same 2 units in parallel with bad AC cabling one might end up with a total resistance for Unit_A of 15Ω and a total resistance for Unit_B of 16Ω. This results in a much better current distribution (Unit_A will carry 1.066 times more current than Unit_A) even if the absolute difference in resistance is much bigger than in the previous example (1Ω vs 0.0001Ω).
  
-Theory and background information on wiring is further explained in these presentations:+For units in 3 phase configuration: Our products have been designed for a star (Y) type three phase configuration. In a star configuration all neutrals are connected, a so called: "distributed neutral".  
 +We do not support a delta (Δ) configuration. A delta configuration does not have a distributed neutral and will lead to certain inverter features not operating as expected.  
 +==== A continuous, unbroken negative link must be maintained between all units ==== 
 + 
 +VE.Bus is not isolated on the MultiPlus range and Quattros. 
 + 
 +Therefore it is very important to prevent damage to the communications cards that the negative battery terminal of a Quattro remains continuous between units as long as the VE.Bus cable that connects the multiple units is connected. 
 + 
 +If units need to be isolated at both poles, or local wiring requirements demand double pole isolation for each unit, the communications cables must be removed first AND appropriate safety signage needs to clearly explain this. 
 + 
 +Double pole isolation of the system is allowed (and sometimes required), as long as it at the battery connection end of the DC bus, and the Multis/Quattros remain with continuous negative between themselves. 
 + 
 + 
 +==== Theory and background information ====  
 + 
 +Wiring is further explained here:
   * {{:ve.bus:4._ripple_in_a_ac_battery_system.pdf|presentation - DC Ripple}}   * {{:ve.bus:4._ripple_in_a_ac_battery_system.pdf|presentation - DC Ripple}}
-  * {{:ve.bus:rva_-_theory_on_wiring_large_systems.pdf|presentation - Theory on wiring large systems}}+  * {{:ve.bus:rva_-_theory_on_wiring_large_systems.pdf|presentation - Theory on wiring large systems}}
 +  * [[https://www.victronenergy.com/upload/documents/Wiring-Unlimited-EN.pdf|Wiring Unlimited - Chapter 4 - DC Wiring - Parallel and/or 3 phase systems]]. 
 + 
 + 
 ===== Communication wiring ===== ===== Communication wiring =====
   * All units must be daisy chained with the VE.Bus cable (RJ-45 cat5). The sequence for this is not important. Do not use terminators in the VE.Bus network.   * All units must be daisy chained with the VE.Bus cable (RJ-45 cat5). The sequence for this is not important. Do not use terminators in the VE.Bus network.
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 ===== Configuration ===== ===== Configuration =====
 +
 +Note: Special considerations exist before initial power-up for large systems using Redflow batteries: [[https://redflow.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/360029645212|Click here for details]].
 +
 In the [[https://www.victronenergy.com/support-and-downloads/software#ve-configuration-tools-for-ve-bus-products|VE Configuration tools]] there are two different programs. One to configure small systems and  one for larger systems: In the [[https://www.victronenergy.com/support-and-downloads/software#ve-configuration-tools-for-ve-bus-products|VE Configuration tools]] there are two different programs. One to configure small systems and  one for larger systems:
   * Up to three units: use VE.Bus Quick Configure    * Up to three units: use VE.Bus Quick Configure 
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 The following settings need to be made in the master of each phase: The following settings need to be made in the master of each phase:
   * Inverter output voltage   * Inverter output voltage
-  * Input current limits.\\ This makes it possible to set a different input current limit per phase. Note thatsimilar to the maximum charge currentthe input current limit used by the system is multiplied by the number of units in the system.\\ (This multiplication is done automatically when using a remote panel to adjust the input current limit.)+  * Input current limits\\ (the effective input current limit is the setted limit multiplied by the number of units per phase. For examplesetting a 10A limit with VEConfigure in a system with two units per phase results on a 20A limit for that phase. Being able to set a different limit per phase allows for maximum configurability.\\ \\ Setting an input current limit works differently when setting the AC input current limit on a remote control panel, for example a DMC or GX device. Then (a) only one value can be set by the user, not one per phase, and (b) the configured limit will be used as the limit per phase. The difference is due to the different use case of both ways of setting it: settings in VEConfigure are supposed to be fixed in the install and done be the installer, for example matching an installed generator. And the input current limit as set on the GX device is intended to be set by the end-user, for example on a yacht or in a motor home, and being able to set it depending on the actual shore connection - and ofcourse without having to do the maths of multiplying with the number of installed units on a phase.)
   * UPS function on/off   * UPS function on/off
-  * Power Assist settings+  * PowerAssist settings
   * Accept wide input frequency range on/off   * Accept wide input frequency range on/off
 The following settings need to made in each unit in the system: The following settings need to made in each unit in the system:
   * Country / grid code standard and other grid related values (AC high/ low values)   * Country / grid code standard and other grid related values (AC high/ low values)
   * DC input low shut-down values.   * DC input low shut-down values.
 +
 +Charger settings (voltage and current limits) are overridden if DVCC is configured and if a CANBus BMS is active in the system.
  
 A quick way to make settings in all units is the 'send to all units' feature. You'll see the option after making the changes to the first unit. A quick way to make settings in all units is the 'send to all units' feature. You'll see the option after making the changes to the first unit.
  
 Note that AES is only operational in stand-alone systems. Not in parallel and multi-phase systems. Note that AES is only operational in stand-alone systems. Not in parallel and multi-phase systems.
- 
 ==== Virtual switch ==== ==== Virtual switch ====
 A unique virtual switch configuration can be configured for each unit in the system. With the exception of the Ignore AC input function: configure that in the master of L1. A unique virtual switch configuration can be configured for each unit in the system. With the exception of the Ignore AC input function: configure that in the master of L1.
  
 ==== Assistants ==== ==== Assistants ====
-  All self-consumption Assistants, Hub-1 to Hub-4, need to be loaded into each unit in the system.\\ + 
 +Assistants can be used to expand the potential configuration options of your system, and are required in some installation types. When using assistants with multiple units, some assistants are required to be loaded onto all units in the system individually, and some assistants are able to be just loaded onto some or one of the units. 
 + 
 +  If you are using a self-consumption assistant, such as ESS, Hub-1 to Hub-4, the assistant will need to be loaded into each unit in the system individually.\\ 
   * PV Inverter Assistant needs to be loaded into each unit in the system.   * PV Inverter Assistant needs to be loaded into each unit in the system.
   * The VE.Bus BMS and the Two-Signal BMS support Assistant also need to be loaded in each unit in the system.   * The VE.Bus BMS and the Two-Signal BMS support Assistant also need to be loaded in each unit in the system.
-(nb: In some cases (depending on the choices made) slaves can left out, the assistant will notify you about this.)+(nb: In some cases (depending on the choices made) slaves can be left out, the assistant will notify you about this.)
  
 With all the other Assistants: genset start/stop, relay locker etcetera, a unique configuration can be made in each unit. With all the other Assistants: genset start/stop, relay locker etcetera, a unique configuration can be made in each unit.
  
-Tip: a quick way to load Assistants into each unit in the system is to save the settings after configuring the master in L1. Then open VEConfigure for an other unit and load that file. VEConfigure will automatically adapt the Assistants for the slaves. (note: In some cases you might get some warnings. Please step through the assistant in that case.) +Tip: a quick way to load Assistants into each unit in the system is to save the settings after configuring the master in L1. Then open VEConfigure for another unit and load that file. VEConfigure will automatically adapt the Assistants for the slaves. (note: In some cases you might get some warnings. Please step through the assistant in that case.)
 ===== Tips and hints ===== ===== Tips and hints =====
   * {{:ve.bus:4._ripple_in_a_ac_battery_system.pdf|presentation - DC Ripple}}   * {{:ve.bus:4._ripple_in_a_ac_battery_system.pdf|presentation - DC Ripple}}
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   * Use the help-file in VEConfigure, and also in VE.Bus Quick Configure and VE.Bus System Configurator.   * Use the help-file in VEConfigure, and also in VE.Bus Quick Configure and VE.Bus System Configurator.
  
-==== System Monitoring ====+===== System Monitoring =====
 It is strongly recommended that a [[venus-os:start|GX Family Product]] is used in conjunction with these larger systems. They provide highly valuable information on the history and performance of the system. System notifications are clearly presented and [[https://www.victronenergy.com/panel-systems-remote-monitoring/color-control|many additional functions]] are enabled. It is strongly recommended that a [[venus-os:start|GX Family Product]] is used in conjunction with these larger systems. They provide highly valuable information on the history and performance of the system. System notifications are clearly presented and [[https://www.victronenergy.com/panel-systems-remote-monitoring/color-control|many additional functions]] are enabled.
 Data from [[http://vrm.victronenergy.com|VRM]] will greatly speed support if it is required. Data from [[http://vrm.victronenergy.com|VRM]] will greatly speed support if it is required.
  
-===== DISQUS ===== +===== Training Video ===== 
-~~DISQUS~~+ 
 +There is an advanced training video and competency exam for 3 phase and parallel installation and commissioning available on [[https://professional.victronenergy.com|Victron Professional -> Online Training.]] You will require an installer account on Victron Professional to access it. 
  
ve.bus/manual_parallel_and_three_phase_systems.txt · Last modified: 2024-02-09 13:07 by jpasop

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