====== Victron Energy & Voltsmile Batteries ====== This page tells you how to set up a Victron Energy system with Voltsmile lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries. Voltsmile batteries communicate with the Victron [[https://www.victronenergy.com/live/venus-os:start|GX device]] over BMS-Can. ===== 1. Supported battery models ===== These Voltsmile models are for use in Victron systems. All models are 16S LiFePO4 packs. ^ Model ^ Energy capacity (kWh) ^ Nominal voltage ^ Nominal capacity (Ah) ^ | V10 RPC | 5.12 | 51.2 V | 100 | | V10 | 5.12 | 51.2 V | 100 | | V10+ | 5.12 | 51.2 V | 100 | | W1 | 10.24 | 51.2 V | 200 | | W1+ | 10.24 | 51.2 V | 200 | | W2 | 10.24 | 51.2 V | 200 | | W01 | 5.12 | 51.2 V | 100 | | W02 | 10.24 | 51.2 V | 200 | | S1 | 5.12 per module | 51.2 V | 100 | | E1 | 5.12 per module | 51.2 V | 100 | | S16 | 16.07 | 51.2 V | 314 | | Monolith | 5.12 (4.61 usable) | 51.2 V | 100 | The battery BMS sends these values to the [[https://www.victronenergy.com/live/venus-os:start|GX device]]: * State of Charge (SOC) * Charge Voltage Limit (CVL) * Charge Current Limit (CCL) * Discharge Current Limit (DCL) * Highest and lowest cell voltages * Temperature The [[https://www.victronenergy.com/live/venus-os:start|GX device]] sends these limits to all connected Victron inverter/chargers and solar chargers through DVCC. The BMS sends the charge and discharge current limits to the [[https://www.victronenergy.com/live/venus-os:start|GX device]] over BMS-Can. Refer to the Voltsmile datasheet for the maximum currents of each model. ===== 2. Victron device compatibility ===== Voltsmile batteries are compatible with these Victron products when you connect the battery through BMS-Can to a supported [[https://www.victronenergy.com/live/venus-os:start|GX device]]: * **[[https://www.victronenergy.com/live/venus-os:start|GX devices]]:** Cerbo GX, Cerbo-S GX, Ekrano GX. * **Inverter/chargers:** 48 V models of the VE.Bus MultiPlus, MultiPlus-II, Quattro and Quattro-II, and the RS range. For minimum firmware, refer to section 3. * The EasySolar-II GX and the MultiPlus-II GX have an integrated [[https://www.victronenergy.com/live/venus-os:start|GX device]]. They do not need a separate [[https://www.victronenergy.com/live/venus-os:start|GX device]]. * **Solar chargers:** SmartSolar and BlueSolar MPPT. * **Remote monitoring:** [[https://www.victronenergy.com/panel-systems-remote-monitoring/vrm|VRM Portal]] (SOC, cell voltages, temperatures, alarms). **Important:** Only **48 V** Victron inverter/charger models are compatible with Voltsmile 16S batteries. 12 V and 24 V models are not supported. ===== 3. Minimum firmware ===== Always install the latest firmware on all devices during commissioning. ^ Device ^ Minimum firmware version ^ Notes ^ | Voltsmile BMS | **31144-1.14-H** | For BMS ''P16S100A-MH31144-20A'' (MH31144 platform) | | Victron [[https://www.victronenergy.com/live/venus-os:start|GX device]] (Venus OS) | **v3.80** | Cerbo GX, Cerbo-S GX, Ekrano GX | ===== 4. Hardware requirements ===== To connect Voltsmile batteries to a Victron system, you need: - A compatible Victron [[https://www.victronenergy.com/live/venus-os:start|GX device]]. Refer to section 2. - A **VE.Can to CAN-bus BMS cable Type A** (Victron part number ''ASS030710018''). This cable converts the pinout between the [[https://www.victronenergy.com/live/venus-os:start|GX device]] BMS-Can port and the Voltsmile battery CAN connector. Voltsmile batteries have **built-in CAN-bus termination**. Do not install an external terminator at the battery end. **Tip:** The Voltsmile CAN connection needs a GX port set to **CAN-bus BMS (500 kbit/s)**. * **Dual-CAN [[https://www.victronenergy.com/live/venus-os:start|GX devices]] (Cerbo GX, Ekrano GX):** the BMS-Can port (500 kbit/s) is a different bus from VE.Can (250 kbit/s). Do not connect the Voltsmile battery to the bus that has the Victron VE.Can devices. * **Single-CAN [[https://www.victronenergy.com/live/venus-os:start|GX devices]] (Cerbo-S GX):** the device has one CAN port only. When you set it to CAN-bus BMS (500 kbit/s) for the Voltsmile battery, you cannot use it for VE.Can (250 kbit/s) devices. Plan the system for this. ===== 5. CAN bus wiring ===== ^ Parameter ^ Value ^ | Baud rate | 500 kbit/s | | Termination | VE.Can terminator at the GX end. No external terminator at the battery end. | | Cable | VE.Can to CAN-bus BMS **Type A** (''ASS030710018'') | ===== 6. GX device configuration ===== ==== 6.1 Select the CAN-bus profile ==== On the [[https://www.victronenergy.com/live/venus-os:start|GX device]], go to **Settings → Services → [BMS-Can port] → CAN-bus profile**. Select **CAN-bus BMS (500 kbit/s)**. ==== 6.2 Set the battery monitor ==== Go to **Settings → System setup → Battery monitor**. Make sure that the Voltsmile battery is the selected battery monitor. The [[https://www.victronenergy.com/live/venus-os:start|GX device]] then uses the SOC, voltage and current from the BMS. ===== 7. DVCC settings ===== DVCC (Distributed Voltage and Current Control) sends the charge and discharge limits from the BMS to the connected Victron devices. DVCC **must** be on for Voltsmile batteries. Venus OS sets these DVCC settings automatically when it detects a Voltsmile battery on BMS-Can: ^ DVCC setting ^ Value ^ Enforcement ^ | DVCC | **ON** | Forced ON | | SVS - Shared Voltage Sense | **OFF** | Forced OFF | | SCS - Shared Current Sense | User setting | Not enforced | | STS - Shared Temperature Sense | User setting | Not enforced | For a full explanation of each setting and how it works with a CAN-bus BMS, refer to the [[https://www.victronenergy.com/media/pg/Cerbo_GX/en/dvcc---distributed-voltage-and-current-control.html|Victron DVCC manual]]. ===== 8. Charge and discharge limits ===== The Voltsmile BMS sends CVL, CCL and DCL to the [[https://www.victronenergy.com/live/venus-os:start|GX device]] over BMS-Can. The [[https://www.victronenergy.com/live/venus-os:start|GX device]] sends these values to all connected inverter/chargers and solar chargers through DVCC. During normal charge, the BMS sets CVL to **57.6 V**. When the battery is near full, the BMS decreases CVL to control the end of charge. The BMS also decreases CCL when the cell temperature or the cell voltage is outside the normal range. Refer to section 9.3. ===== 9. BMS protection thresholds ===== The Voltsmile BMS has its own protection, independent of the Victron system. In normal DVCC operation, Victron devices obey the CVL, CCL and DCL from the BMS and do not reach these thresholds. The thresholds are an additional safety layer. Over-voltage protection is based on **individual cell voltages**. ==== 9.1 Voltage protection ==== ^ Parameter ^ Cell ^ Pack ^ Behaviour ^ | Over-voltage protection | 3.65 V | 58.4 V | The charge MOSFET switches off | | Over-discharge recovery | above 2.95 V | above 44.8 V | The battery recovers automatically. Refer to section 11.3. | **Hardware cut-off.** The BMS protects the battery with a charge/discharge **MOSFET disconnect**. A CAN keepalive timeout also disconnects the MOSFETs. Refer to section 11.2. ==== 9.2 Alarm and warning thresholds ==== These are pack-level values. ^ Condition ^ Level ^ Trigger ^ Release ^ | Low pack voltage | Warning | below 46.4 V | above 46.4 V | | Low pack voltage | Alarm | below 43.2 V | above 44.8 V | | High pack voltage | Warning | above 57.6 V | below 57.6 V | | High pack voltage | Alarm | above 58.4 V | below 54.4 V | | High temperature | Warning | above 55 °C | below 55 °C | | High temperature | Alarm | above 60 °C | below 55 °C | | High charge current | Warning | above 105 A | below 105 A | | High charge current | Alarm | above 110 A | below 105 A | | High discharge current | Warning | above 105 A | below 105 A | | High discharge current | Alarm | above 110 A | below 105 A | 57.6 V = 3.60 V/cell. 58.4 V = 3.65 V/cell. 54.4 V = 3.40 V/cell. ==== 9.3 Temperature limits ==== ^ Condition ^ Behaviour ^ | Charge, at or below 0 °C | Charge is stopped (CCL = 0 A) | | Charge, above 12 °C and below 40 °C | Full charge current | | Charge, above 0 °C and below 55 °C, outside the 12 - 40 °C band | Charge current is decreased | | Charge, at or above 55 °C | Charge is stopped (CCL = 0 A) | | Discharge | High-temperature alarm at 60 °C | The BMS also decreases the charge current when the cell voltage is outside its normal range. ==== 9.4 Overcharge protection ==== When a cell reaches 3.65 V (pack 58.4 V): - The **charge MOSFET switches off**. - The BMS sends a **High cell voltage alarm** to the [[https://www.victronenergy.com/live/venus-os:start|GX device]]. ===== 10. Passive cell balancing ===== The BMS uses **passive** balancing (resistive dissipation). ^ Parameter ^ Value ^ | Method | Passive (resistive dissipation) | | Start condition | During charge, when the highest cell voltage is more than **3.40 V** | | Start delta | **30 mV** between cells | | CAN behaviour during balancing | **No alarm.** The BMS continues to report normally over BMS-Can. | ===== 11. Auto recovery and black start ===== ==== 11.1 Keepalive message ==== The [[https://www.victronenergy.com/live/venus-os:start|GX device]] sends a keepalive message (''0x305'') to the battery. The Voltsmile BMS has a 15-minute timeout for this message. ==== 11.2 Keepalive loss ==== * If the BMS does not receive the keepalive for **15 minutes**, it **disconnects the charge/discharge MOSFETs**. * To restore normal operation after this timeout, push the **built-in switch on the battery pack**. This case needs manual action. ==== 11.3 Over-discharge recovery ==== After a full discharge, the battery **recovers automatically**, with no manual action, when both of these conditions are true: * The single cell voltage is **more than 2.95 V**. * The total pack voltage is **more than 44.8 V**. When AC or PV charge increases the pack above these levels, the BMS connects again automatically. **Note:** For off-grid systems, install some DC-coupled PV to support black start recovery. If no PV or AC source is available when the BMS shuts down, the battery cannot recover until a charge source is available. ===== 12. Cell identification in the GX device ===== The Voltsmile BMS reports the **highest** and **lowest** cell voltages to the [[https://www.victronenergy.com/live/venus-os:start|GX device]] and to VRM. The Victron interface shows these two cells only. The BMS identifies each cell as ''module::cell''. ^ Identifier ^ Meaning ^ | ''1::16'' | Module 1, cell 16 | ===== 13. Inverter/charger and MPPT settings ===== **Important:** When DVCC is on, the system compares the BMS limits with the settings in VEConfigure or VictronConnect. The system always uses the more conservative value: * **Charge voltage:** the lower value applies. If the BMS CVL is lower than the charger setting, the CVL applies. If the charger setting is lower than the CVL, the charger setting applies. * **Discharge shut-down:** the higher voltage applies. If the inverter low-voltage shut-down setting is higher than the BMS limit, the inverter stops at its own setting. LiFePO4 batteries do not need a conventional bulk, absorption and float cycle. When DVCC is on, the BMS limits the charge voltage through CVL. ===== 14. Troubleshooting ===== ==== The battery does not show on the GX device ==== - Make sure that **CAN-bus BMS (500 kbit/s)** is selected. Go to **Settings → Services → [CAN port] → CAN-bus profile**. - Restart the [[https://www.victronenergy.com/live/venus-os:start|GX device]]. - Make sure that the cable is a **Type A** VE.Can to CAN-bus BMS cable (''ASS030710018''). Make sure that it is fully engaged at both ends. The [[https://www.victronenergy.com/live/venus-os:start|GX device]] cannot detect the battery through a site-made cable with CAN-H and CAN-L swapped. Refer to section 4. - Make sure that the Voltsmile BMS firmware is at or above the minimum version. Refer to section 3. - Make sure that the battery is on and the BMS is active. Examine the built-in switch. Refer to the next item. ==== The battery is off after CAN or keepalive loss (manual restart) ==== - If the [[https://www.victronenergy.com/live/venus-os:start|GX device]] did not send the ''0x305'' keepalive for **15 minutes**, the BMS disconnected the MOSFETs. - Push the **built-in switch on the battery pack** to restore operation. - Repair the CAN communication fault (cable, CAN-bus profile, GX power) so that the keepalive starts again. ==== DVCC warnings or unexpected charge behaviour ==== - Go to **Settings → DVCC**. Make sure that **DVCC is ON** and **SVS is OFF**. - Make sure that the Voltsmile battery is the battery monitor. Go to **Settings → System setup → Battery monitor**. - Make sure that no other monitor (for example a SmartShunt) is the primary battery monitor. ==== The battery does not recover after a full discharge ==== - Make sure that at least one AC or PV charge source is connected and active. - The battery recovers automatically when the single cell voltage is **more than 2.95 V** and the pack voltage is **more than 44.8 V**. Refer to section 11.3. Let the charge start. - If recovery does not start, examine whether a **keepalive timeout** occurred. Refer to section 11.2. That case needs a manual restart. ==== Charge stops or CCL decreases in hot or cold conditions ==== - The BMS decreases CCL based on temperature and cell voltage. Refer to section 9.3. Charge stops (CCL = 0 A) at or below 0 °C and at or above 55 °C. - This is normal protection. It is not a fault. For full charge current, the cell temperature must be between 12 °C and 40 °C. ==== Balancing does not start ==== - Passive balancing operates only **during charge**, when the highest cell is more than **3.40 V**. Refer to section 10. Balancing does not operate at rest or at low SOC.